Qiheng TANG; Lu FANG; Wenjing GUO

doi:10.21967/jbb.v4i1.184

doi: 10.21967/jbb.v4i1.184

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-10-15
- 录用日期: 2018-11-20
- 刊出日期: 2019-01-01

Effects of Bamboo Fiber Length and Loading on Mechanical, Thermal and Pulverization Properties of Phenolic Foam Composites

1.
Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
2.
College of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

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Corresponding author: Qiheng TANG, 20051671tang@sina.com

摘要

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Abstract: In order to improve the mechanical properties and toughness of phenolic foams, a reinforcement method using two kinds of bamboo ﬁbers was optimized with respect to the ﬁber contents. The compressive and flexural properties, thermal stability, friability and morphology of the phenolic foam composites were studied. The mechanical properties of the pristine foam and composites were evaluated by measuring the compressive strength. The results showed that the greatest mechanical properties were achieved by incorporating 2.5wt% of the reinforcement, and the compressive and flexural strengths of the two composites increased by 26.21% and 24.35%, respectively, compared with that of the pristine foam. The results of thermogravimetric testing demonstrated that the addition of bamboo fiber imparted better thermal stability to the phenolic foam, which was mainly attributed to the higher initial thermal decomposition temperature of the bamboo fiber. However, the inﬂuences of both reinforcements on the thermal stability of the material were negligible. The incorporation of bamboo fiber decreased the friability of the phenolic foam. Furthermore, the reduction in friability of the foam composites with longer lengths were higher than that in foams with shorter bamboo fibers. Moreover, the morphology and cell sizes of the fiber-reinforced phenolic foams were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, the results indicated strong bonding between the fibers and phenolic matrix, and the incorporation of the bamboo fibers into the foam resulted in increased cell size of the material. Finally, the thermal conductivity and flame resistance of the phenolic foams reinforced by the bamboo fibers were also measured.
- phenolic foam /
- bamboo fiber /
- composite /
- mechanical property /
- microstructure

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Figure 1. Macro photographs and SEM images of 1#(a, c) and 2# (b, d) bamboo fibers

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Figure 2. Viscosity of the phenolic resin with respect to bamboo fiber content

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Figure 3. Variation of mechanical strength for different bamboo fiber loadings

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Figure 4. Macro photos and micrographs of pristine PF and composites

Note: a1 is pristine PF; b1–b4 are 1.5%1#/PF–5.0%1#PF; c1–c4 are 1.5%/2#PF–5.0%#PF. The same below.

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Figure 5. Mean cell size and size distribution of pristine PF and composites

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Figure 6. Micrographs of 2#PF5.0%

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Figure 7. Thermal stability of pristine foam, bamboo fibers and the foam composites

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Figure 8. Variation of pulverization ratio for different fiber loadings

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Figure 9. Variation of limiting oxygen index (LOI) for different fiber contents

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Table 1. Compositions and characterizations of pristine foam and composites

Sample designation	Foaming phenolic resin (g)	Bamboo fibers mass fraction (%)	Tween-80 (g)	Catalyst (g)	Foaming temperature (℃)	Actual density (g/cm³)
Pristine PF	100	0	0.3	10	60	0.030
1.5%/PF1#	100	1.5	0.3	10	60	0.031
2.5%/PF1#	100	2.5	0.3	10	80	0.033
3.5%/PF1#	100	3.5	0.3	10	100	0.031
5.0%/PF1#	100	5.0	0.3	10	110	0.029
1.5%/PF2#	100	1.5	0.3	10	60	0.030
2.5%/PF2#	100	2.5	0.3	10	80	0.028
3.5%/PF2#	100	3.5	0.3	10	110	0.029
5.0%/PF2#	100	5.0	0.3	10	120	0.031

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Table 2. Thermal decomposition data of pristine foam, bamboo fibers and the foam composites

Sample designation	T_5% (℃)	Residual yield at 600℃ (%)
Bamboo fiber	268	21.1
Pristine PF	205	67.6
1.5%/PF1#	208	68.3
2.5%/PF1#	213	65.9
3.5%/PF1#	216	65.6
5.0%/PF1#	219	65.0
1.5%/PF2#	215	67.1
2.5%/PF2#	216	65.2
3.5%/PF2#	217	64.9
5.0%/PF2#	214	64.4
Note: T_5% is defined as the sample temperature at 5% weight loss.

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