Fabrication of Fe/C Composites as Effective Electromagnetic Wave Absorber by Carbonization of Pre-magnetized Natural Wood Fibers

1.
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China

More Information

Corresponding author: Yanjun LI, nfcm2018@163.com

摘要

- /
- /
- /
- /
Abstract: With the increasing usage of varied electronic devices, the induced electromagnetic interference (EMI) irradiation pollution has become a novel environmental pollution besides of water and air pollutions, drawing a great of interests from the scientists to address EMW radiation problem via designing various electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers, which is supposed to be with lightweight, thin thickness, wide effective absorbing bandwidth and strong absorbing capacity. One kind of the most attractive absorbers is magnetic carbon composites. Here, we successfully synthesized porous structural C/Fe composites by in-situ carbonization of pre-prepared Fe₃O₄/wood fibers at 1000℃. The EMW absorption property of C/Fe composites is excellent with a minimum RL value of -32.67 dB at 9.86 GHz, a matching thickness of 2.2 mm and a wide response bandwidth of 14.5 GHz. This excellent absorption performance is proved to be due to the continuous network of Fe₃O₄/Fe/ Fe₃C hybrids, permitting optimal impedance matching, the strongest dielectric loss and the optimal magnetic loss. Moreover, the interface polarizations of Fe-Fe₃C and Fe₃O₄-Fe interfaces, are positive to improve the microwave absorption performance.
- carbonization /
- magnetic bio-char /
- electromagnetic wave absorption /
- cementite /
- composite

HTML全文

Figure 1. The SEM images of natural wood fibers, magnetized wood fibers and C/Fe composites with different magnifications, along with their corresponding pictures (a–c). C, Fe and O EDS mapping signal images of the C/Fe composites (d)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 2. The XRD curves of natural wood fibers(a), magnetized wood fibers (b) and C/Fe composites (c)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 3. The FT-IR curves of natural wood fibers (black), magnetized wood fibers (red) and C/Fe composites (green)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 4. The VSM curves of natural wood fibers (black), magnetized wood fibers (red) and C/Fe composites (green) (a), along with (b and c) their magnetic performancec

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 5. The three-dimensional (3D) curves for EMW loss RL values of (a) natural wood fibers, (b) magnetized wood fibers and (c) C/Fe composites

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 6. Frequency dependences of real parts (a) and imaginary parts (b) of complex permittivities of natural wood fibers, magnetized wood fibers and C/Fe composites; Frequency dependences of real parts (c) and imaginary parts (d) of complex permeabilities of natural wood fibers, magnetized wood fibers and C/Fe composites

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 7. Frequency dependences of tan δ_ε (a) and tan δ_μ (b) of natural wood fibers, magnetized wood fibers and C/Fe composites varying with frequency

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献(28)

Cave I D, 1997. Theory of X-ray measurement of microfibril angle in wood. Wood Science and Technology, 31(3): 143–152. DOI: 10.1007/BF00705881.

El-Rahaiby S K, Rao Y K, 1979. The kinetics of reduction of iron oxides at moderate temperatures. Metallurgical Transactions B, 10(2): 257–269. DOI: 10.1007/bf02652470.

He C N, Wu S, Zhao N Q, et al., 2013. Carbon-encapsulated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as a high-rate lithium ion battery anode material. ACS Nano, 7(5): 4459–4469. DOI: 10.1021/nn401059h.

Jian X, Xiao X Y, Deng L J, et al., 2018. Heterostructured nanorings of Fe-Fe₃O₄@C hybrid with enhanced microwave absorption performance. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 10(11): 9369–9378. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18324.

Jiang J J, Li X J, Han Z, et al., 2014. Disorder-modulated microwave absorption properties of carbon-coated FeCo nanocapsules. Journal of Applied Physics, 115(17): 17A514. DOI: 10.1063/1.4865461.

Jiang W J, Gu L, Li L, et al., 2016. Understanding the high activity of Fe-N-C electrocatalysts in oxygen reduction: Fe/Fe₃C nanoparticles boost the activity of Fe-Nx. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 138(10): 3570–3578. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00757.

Li G, Xie T S, Yang S L, et al., 2012. Microwave absorption enhancement of porous carbon fibers compared with carbon nanofibers. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 116(16): 9196–9201. DOI: 10.1021/jp300050u.

Li J S, Duan Y, Lu W B, et al., 2018. Polyaniline-stabilized electromagnetic wave absorption composites of reduced graphene oxide on magnetic carbon nanotube film. Nanotechnology, 29(15): 155201. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ aaac72.

Li W X, Lv B, Wang L C, et al., 2014. Fabrication of Fe₃O₄@C core–shell nanotubes and their application as a lightweight microwave absorbent. RSC Advance, 4(99): 55738–55744. DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10172c.

Liu X G, Ou Z Q, Geng D Y, et al., 2010. Influence of a graphite shell on the thermal and electromagnetic characteristics of FeNi nanoparticles. Carbon, 48(3): 891–897. DOI: 10.1016/ j.carbon.2012.09.052.

Lou Z C, Han H, Zhou M, et al., 2018a. Synthesis of magnetic wood with excellent and tunable electromagnetic wave-absorbing properties by a facile Vacuum/Pressure impregnation method. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 6(1): 1000–1008. DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng. 7b03332.

Lou Z C, Li Y J, Han H, et al., 2018b. Synthesis of porous 3D Fe/C composites from waste wood with tunable and excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 6(11): 15598–15607. DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng. 8b04045.

Lou Z C, Zhang Y, Zhou M, et al., 2018c. Synthesis of magnetic wood fiber board and corresponding multi-layer magnetic composite board, with electromagnetic wave absorbing properties. Nanomaterials, 8(6): 441. DOI: 10.3390/nano8060441.

Lv H, Guo Y H, Yang Z H, et al., 2017. A brief introduction to the fabrication and synthesis of graphene based composites for the realization of electromagnetic absorbing materials. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 5(3): 491–512. DOI: 10.1039/c6tc03026b.

Lv H, Liang X H, Ji G B, et al., 2015. Porous three-dimensional flower-like Co/CoO and its excellent electromagnetic absorption properties. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 7(18): 9776–9783. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01654.

Obi Reddy K, Uma Maheswari C, Shukla M, et al., 2013. Tensile and structural characterization of alkali treated Borassus fruit fine fibers. Composites Part B: Engineering, 44(1): 433–438. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.04.075.

Oka H, Hojo A, Seki K, et al., 2002. Wood construction and magnetic characteristics of impregnated type magnetic wood. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 239(1/2/3): 617–619. DOI: 10.1016/s0304-8853(01)00684-9.

Qiang R, Du Y C, Wang Y, et al., 2016. Rational design of yolk-shell C@C microspheres for the effective enhancement in microwave absorption. Carbon, 98: 599–606. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.11.054.

Quan B, Liang X H, Zhang X, et al., 2018. Functionalized carbon nanofibers enabling stable and flexible absorbers with effective microwave response at low thickness. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 10(48): 41535–41543. DOI: 10.1021/ acsami.8b16088.

Su L W, Zhong Y R, Zhou Z, 2013. Role of transition metal nanoparticles in the extra lithium storage capacity of transition metal oxides: a case study of hierarchical core-shell Fe₃O₄@C and Fe@C microspheres. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 1(47): 15158. DOI: 10.1039/c3ta13233a.

Vestal C R, Zhang Z J, 2002. Atom transfer radical polymerization synthesis and magnetic characterization of MnFe₂O₄/Polystyrene Core/Shell nanoparticles. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 124(48): 14312–14313. DOI: 10.1021/ja0274709.

Wang X L, Huang X, Chen Z R, et al., 2015. Ferromagnetic hierarchical carbon nanofiber bundles derived from natural collagen fibers: truly lightweight and high-performance microwave absorption materials. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 3(39): 10146–10153. DOI: 10.1039/c5tc02689j.

Wu G L, Cheng Y H, Xie Q, et al., 2015. Facile synthesis of urchin-like ZnO hollow spheres with enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption properties. Materials Letters, 144: 157–160. DOI:10.1016/j.matlet. 2015.01.024.

Wu H J, Wu G L, Ren Y Y, et al., 2015. Co²⁺ /Co³⁺ ratio dependence of electromagnetic wave absorption in hierarchical NiCo₂O₄-CoNiO₂ hybrids. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 3(29): 7677–7690. DOI: 10.1039/c5tc01716e.

Xiang J, Li J L, Zhang X H, et al., 2014. Magnetic carbon nanofibers containing uniformly dispersed Fe/Co/Ni nanoparticles as stable and high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbers. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2(40): 16905–16914. DOI: 10.1039/c4ta03732d.

Xu H L, Yin X W, Zhu M, et al., 2017. Carbon hollow microspheres with a designable mesoporous shell for high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 9(7): 6332–6341. DOI: 10.1021/acsami. 6b15826.

Zhao B, Shao G, Fan B B, et al., 2015. Investigation of the electromagnetic absorption properties of Ni@TiO₂ and Ni@SiO₂ composite microspheres with core-shell structure. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 17(4): 2531–2539. DOI:10. 1039/c4cp05031b.

Zhao S C, Gao Z, Chen C Q, et al., 2016. Alternate nonmagnetic and magnetic multilayer nanofilms deposited on carbon nanocoils by atomic layer deposition to tune microwave absorption property. Carbon, 98: 196–203. DOI: 10.1016/ j.carbon.2015.10.101.

施引文献

资源附件(0)

访问统计