Esterification of levulinic acid into <i>n</i>-butyl levulinate catalyzed by sulfonic acid-functionalized lignin-montmorillonite complex

Wenguang Zhao; Hui Ding; Jie Zhu; Xianxiang Liu; Qiong Xu; Dulin Yin

doi:10.1016/j.jobab.2020.10.008

Volume 5 Issue 4

Nov. 2020

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Article Navigation > Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts > 2020 > 5(4): 291-299

Wenguang Zhao, Hui Ding, Jie Zhu, Xianxiang Liu, Qiong Xu, Dulin Yin. Esterification of levulinic acid into n-butyl levulinate catalyzed by sulfonic acid-functionalized lignin-montmorillonite complex[J]. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, 2020, 5(4): 291-299. doi: 10.1016/j.jobab.2020.10.008

Citation:

Wenguang Zhao, Hui Ding, Jie Zhu, Xianxiang Liu, Qiong Xu, Dulin Yin. Esterification of levulinic acid into n-butyl levulinate catalyzed by sulfonic acid-functionalized lignin-montmorillonite complex[J]. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, 2020, 5(4): 291-299. doi: 10.1016/j.jobab.2020.10.008

Citation:

Wenguang Zhao, Hui Ding, Jie Zhu, Xianxiang Liu, Qiong Xu, Dulin Yin. Esterification of levulinic acid into n-butyl levulinate catalyzed by sulfonic acid-functionalized lignin-montmorillonite complex[J]. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, 2020, 5(4): 291-299. doi: 10.1016/j.jobab.2020.10.008

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Esterification of levulinic acid into n-butyl levulinate catalyzed by sulfonic acid-functionalized lignin-montmorillonite complex

doi: 10.1016/j.jobab.2020.10.008

National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China

Funds:

the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21606082

the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21776068

the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21975070

Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China 2018JJ3334

China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2019M662787

More Information

Corresponding author: Xianxiang Liu,Email address:lxx@hunnu.edu.cn
Received Date: 2020-04-15
Accepted Date: 2020-07-10
Rev Recd Date: 2020-06-12

Available Online: 2020-10-09

Publish Date: 2020-10-01

Abstract

Abstract

In this study, sulfonic acid-functionalized lignin-montmorillonite complex (LMT-SO₃H) was prepared and employed as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the esterification of levulinic acid (LA) into n-butyl levulinate (BL). An intermediate pseudo-butyl levulinate (p-BL) was determined by distilled water treatment and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, and a possible mechanism for the esterification of LA is proposed. The effects of various process parameters were studied and the results showed that the LMT-SO₃H catalyst had the excellent catalytic performance for esterification of the LA. Under optimum reaction conditions, the yield of BL was 99.3% and the conversion of LA was 99.8%. The LMT-SO₃H catalyst exhibited strong acidic sites and high stability even after seven cycles of usage. Furthermore, esterification of the LA with various alcohols over the LMT-SO₃H was further investigated.
- levulinic acid,
- solid sulfonic acid,
- n-butyl,
- levulinate,
- esterification,
- heterogeneous catalysis

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References(41)

References

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