Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides from <i>Russula vinosa</i> lindblad extracted using KOH

Bowen Yan; Hao Wu; Kui Zeng; Caoxing Huang; Chenhuan Lai; Qiang Yong

doi:10.1016/j.jobab.2025.01.005

Volume 10 Issue 2

May 2025

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Bowen Yan, Hao Wu, Kui Zeng, Caoxing Huang, Chenhuan Lai, Qiang Yong. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides from Russula vinosa lindblad extracted using KOH[J]. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, 2025, 10(2): 253-269. doi: 10.1016/j.jobab.2025.01.005

Citation:

Bowen Yan, Hao Wu, Kui Zeng, Caoxing Huang, Chenhuan Lai, Qiang Yong. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides from Russula vinosa lindblad extracted using KOH[J]. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, 2025, 10(2): 253-269. doi: 10.1016/j.jobab.2025.01.005

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Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides from Russula vinosa lindblad extracted using KOH

doi: 10.1016/j.jobab.2025.01.005

a. Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
b. College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
c. Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
d. School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53705, USA

Funds:

This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2022YFD2200804).

Available Online: 2025-05-09
Publish Date: 2025-01-22

Abstract

Abstract

Russula vinosa Lindblad (R. vinosa Lindblad) is a nutrient-rich wild edible fungus, abundant in carbohydrates. In this study, two polysaccharides (Russula polysaccharides extracted from 1% KOH (RP-1) and Russula polysaccharides extracted from 5% KOH (RP-5)) were extracted from Russula fruit bodies using KOH-graded extraction technology. The molecular weights of RP-1 and RP-5 were 187 000 and 97 300 u, respectively. Their glycosyl compositions (galactose:glucose:xylose: mannose, i.e., Gal:Glu:Xyl:Man) were 0.27:1.00:0.01:0.16 for RP-1 and 0.12:1.00:0.03:0.19 for RP-5. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis revealed that the main structural component of RP-1 was →3,6)-β-d-Glup-(1→, with a →6)-β-d-Glup-(1→ residue linked at sites 1 and 6, and a →3)-β-d-Glup-(1→ residue linked at sites 3. The RP-5 shared this structure with an additional →4)-β-d-Manp-(1→ residue attached to the →3)-β-d-Glup-(1→. Phagocytosis assay demonstrated that RP-5, with a lower molecular weight, lower galactose content, and higher xylose and mannose content, enhanced RAW 264.7 cell phagocytic activity by 121.04%, outperforming RP-1, which showed a 42.15% increase at the same concentration of 600 μg/mL. Furthermore, both RP-1 and RP-5 reduced the release of inflammatory factors and induced the nuclear translocation of the nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway in RAW 264.7 cells. This study provided insights into the structural characteristics and immunomodulatory properties of Russula polysaccharides, offering potential for further applications in bioactive compound development.
- Russula vinosa lindblad,
- Polysaccharides,
- KOH-graded extraction,
- Structural characterization,
- immunomodulatory activities

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