Volume 10 Issue 3
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts  > 2025  >  10(3): 360-372
Xin Duan, Huanxin Huo, Hongshan Li, Yihong Gao, Haoran Shi, Feng Kuang, Yumeng Chen, Jianyong Wan, Jingjie Shen, Guanben Du, Long Yang. Fabricating ultra-robust hydrogels with adhesive properties by restraining crack propagation with bamboo cellulose-based carbon nanomaterials[J]. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, 2025, 10(3): 360-372. doi: 10.1016/j.jobab.2025.05.002
Citation: Xin Duan, Huanxin Huo, Hongshan Li, Yihong Gao, Haoran Shi, Feng Kuang, Yumeng Chen, Jianyong Wan, Jingjie Shen, Guanben Du, Long Yang. Fabricating ultra-robust hydrogels with adhesive properties by restraining crack propagation with bamboo cellulose-based carbon nanomaterials[J]. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, 2025, 10(3): 360-372. doi: 10.1016/j.jobab.2025.05.002
shu

Fabricating ultra-robust hydrogels with adhesive properties by restraining crack propagation with bamboo cellulose-based carbon nanomaterials

doi: 10.1016/j.jobab.2025.05.002
  • a.

    Yunnan Province Key Lab of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China

  • b.

    Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China

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    Abstract
  • The bamboo fiber functionalized with phthalic anhydride underwent carbonization, yielding bamboo cellulose-derived carbon nanomaterials (C-BCN). These C-BCN were subsequently integrated into an acrylamide precursor solution to synthesize an ultra-robust, fatigue-resistant conductive hydrogel (PAM-C-BCN). During in situ polymerization, the abundant active sites on the C-BCN surface facilitated covalent cross-linking with the polyacrylamide (PAM) matrix. This interfacial interaction promoted strong adhesion between the PAM chains and the carbon nanostructures, forming a densely interpenetrated network through macromolecular entanglement. The synergistic coupling of the rigid C-BCN framework with the flexible polymer chains conferred exceptional mechanical resilience and energy dissipation capabilities to the composite hydrogel. Compared to the PAM hydrogel, the PAM-C-BCN hydrogel exhibited an improvement in mechanical properties, with a fracture strength of 363 kPa (a 2.5% increase), an elongation of approximately 2 254% (a 2.0% increase), a fracture energy of 30 kJ/m2 (a 3.1% increase), and a toughness of 3.04 MJ/m3 (a 4.1% increase). Moreover, PAM-C-BCN hydrogel demonstrated high adhesion (up to 7.5 kPa on pigskin) and conductivity (0.21 S/m). This strategy required neither complex design nor processing, offering a simple and efficient approach with great potential for hydrogel applications requiring high mechanical performance. At the crack tip of PAM-C-BCN hydrogel, C-BCN exhibited superior crack propagation resistance compared to SiO2 nanoparticles. Importantly, this strategy offered valuable insights for developing tough and stretchable hydrogels.

     

    • Author contributions
    Long Yang, Guanben Du, Jianyong Wan, and Jingjie Shen conceived and supervised the project; Xin Duan, Huanxin Huo, Hongshan Li, Yihong Gao, Haoran Shi, Feng Kuang, and Yumeng Chen performed the experiments and characterizations; Long Yang, Guanben Du, Jianyong Wan, and Jingjie Shen reviewed the paper. All authors discussed the results and commented on the manuscript. All authors have given approval to the final version of the manuscript.
    Declaration of competing interest
    The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
    Supplementary materials
    Supplementary material associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at doi:10.1016/j.jobab.2025.05.002.
    Peer review under the responsibility of Editorial Office of Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts.
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