Volume 8 Issue 1
Feb.  2023
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
M. El-Sherbiny Gamal, Mohamed Gazelly Ahmed, H. Sharaf Mohammed, A. Moghannemm Saad, M.E Shehata, K.A. Ismail Mahmoud, S. El-Hawary Ahmad. Exploitation of the antibacterial, antibiofilm and antioxidant activities of Salvadora Persica (Miswak) extract[J]. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, 2023, 8(1): 59-65. doi: 10.1016/j.jobab.2022.11.006
Citation: M. El-Sherbiny Gamal, Mohamed Gazelly Ahmed, H. Sharaf Mohammed, A. Moghannemm Saad, M.E Shehata, K.A. Ismail Mahmoud, S. El-Hawary Ahmad. Exploitation of the antibacterial, antibiofilm and antioxidant activities of Salvadora Persica (Miswak) extract[J]. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, 2023, 8(1): 59-65. doi: 10.1016/j.jobab.2022.11.006

Exploitation of the antibacterial, antibiofilm and antioxidant activities of Salvadora Persica (Miswak) extract

doi: 10.1016/j.jobab.2022.11.006
More Information
  • Corresponding author: E-mail address: gamalelsherbiny1970@azhar.edu.eg (G. El-Sherbiny)
  • Received Date: 2022-09-02
  • Accepted Date: 2022-11-07
  • Rev Recd Date: 2022-10-29
  • Available Online: 2022-12-01
  • Publish Date: 2023-02-01
  • The Salvadora persica (S. persica) L. chewing stick, usually known as miswak, is still being employed as an oral hygiene agent for plaque and gingivitis prevention. This study aims to assess the antibacterial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and phytochemical profile of S. persica extract. The S. persica was purchased from a local market, grinded and extracted with petroleum ether. The disk diffusion, microdilution, and micro-plate assays were performed to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the prepared extract at different concentrations against β-lactam resistance Streptococcus species. Free radical scavenging 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and stable radical cationic chromophore, 2, 2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) methods were used to determine their antioxidant activity. Chromatographic and spectrometric analyses were performed using gas chromatography-mass (GC-MS) spectrometry. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of S. persica extract against β-lactam resistance Streptococcus species ranged from 6.25 to 12.5 mg/mL. The maximum suppression of biofilm formation by S. persica extract was observed at MIC with a percentage of 68.66%, against Streptococcus oralis. The S. persica extract exhibited antioxidant activity with IC50 of 20 µg/mL and 35 µg/mL from DPPH and ABTS, respectively. The phytochemical characterization showed the presence of 22 compounds with major compounds; benzyl isothiocyanate (36.21%) and n-hexadecanoic acid (27.62%). The S. persica extract exhibited antibacterial activity against β-lactam resistant Streptococcus species, showing a promising natural alternative that could be a treatment option.

     

  • Conflict of Interest  The author has no conflicts of interest that are concerned with this article.
  • loading
  • Abdelrahman, H.F., Skaug, M.P., Francis, G.W., 2002. In vitro antimicrobial effects of crude miswak extracts on oral pathogens. Saudi Dent. J. 14, 26–32.
    Abdeltawab, S.S., Abu Haimed, T.S., Bahammam, H.A., Arab, W.T., Abou Neel, E.A., Bahammam, L.A., 2022. Biocompatibility and antibacterial action of Salvadora persica extract as intracanal medication (In vitro and ex vivo experiment). Materials 15, 1373. doi: 10.3390/ma15041373
    Al-Ayed, M.S.Z., Asaad, A.M., Qureshi, M.A., Attia, H.G., AlMarrani, A.H., 2016. Antibacterial activity of Salvadora persica L. (miswak) extracts against multidrug resistant bacterial clinical isolates. Evid. Based Complementary Altern. Med. 2016, 7083964.
    Al-Bagieh, N.H., 1992. Antiherpes simplex virus type 1 activity of benzylisothiocyanate. Biomed. Lett. 47, 67–70.
    Al-Bagieh, N.H., 1998. Effect of benzylisothiocyanate on the growth and acid production of Candida albicans. Biomed. Lett. 58, 139–145.
    Al-Bagieh, N.H., Weinberg, E.D., 1988. Benzylisothiocyanate: a possible agent for controlling dental caries. 39, 143–151.
    Alili, N., Türp, J.C., Kulik, E.M., Waltimo, T., 2014. Volatile compounds of Salvadora persica inhibit the growth of oral Candida species. Arch. Oral Biol. 59, 441–447. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.02.001
    Almas, K., Al-Bagieh, N.H., 1999. The antimicrobial effects of bark and pulp extracts of miswak, Salvadora persica. Biomed. Lett. 60, 71–75.
    Al-Sohaibani, S., Murugan, K., 2012. Anti-biofilm activity of Salvadora persica on cariogenic isolates of Streptococcus mutans: In vitro and molecular docking studies. Biofouling 28, 29–38. doi: 10.1080/08927014.2011.647308
    Aumeeruddy, M.Z., Zengin, G., Mahomoodally, M.F., 2018. A review of the traditional and modern uses of Salvadora persica L. (Miswak): toothbrush tree of Prophet Muhammad. J. Ethnopharmacol. 213, 409–444. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.030
    Ayoub, N., Badr, N., Al-Ghamdi, S.S., Alzahrani, A., Alsulaimani, R., Nassar, A., Qadi, R., Afifi, I.K., Swilam, N., 2021. GC/MS profiling and ex vivo antibacterial activity of Salvadora persica (siwak) against Enterococcus faecalis as intracanal medicament. Evid. Based Complementary Altern. Med. 6333867.
    Bader, A., Flamini, G., Cioni, P.L., Morelli, I., 2002. The composition of the root oil of Salvadora persica L. J. Essent. Oil Res. 14, 128–129. doi: 10.1080/10412905.2002.9699795
    Chelli-Chentouf, N., Meddah, A.T.T., Mullié, C., Aoues, A., Meddah, B., 2012. In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity of Algerian Hoggar Salvadora persica L. extracts against microbial strains from children's oral cavity. J. Ethnopharmacol. 144, 57–66. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.08.025
    Christensen, G.D., Simpson, W.A., Bisno, A.L., Beachey, E.H., 1982. Adherence of slime-producing strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis to smooth surfaces. Infect. Immun. 37, 318–326. doi: 10.1128/iai.37.1.318-326.1982
    Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2009. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Nineteenth Informational Supplement. Pennsylvania: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Pennsylvania.
    Condò, C., Anacarso, I., Sabia, C., Iseppi, R., Anfelli, I., Forti, L., De Niederhäusern, S., Bondi, M., Messi, P., 2020. Antimicrobial activity of spices essential oils and its effectiveness on mature biofilms of human pathogens. Nat. Prod. Res. 34, 567–574. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1490904
    Corehtash, Z.G. Khorshidi, A., Firoozeh, F., Akbari, H., Aznaveh, A.M., 2015. Biofilm formation and virulence factors among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn patients. Jundishapur J. Microbiol. 8, e22345.
    Dkhil, M.A., Thagfan, F.A., Hassan, A.M.S., Al-Shaebi, E.M., Abdel-Gaber, R., Al-Quraishy, S., 2019. Anthelmintic, anticoccidial and antioxidant activity of Salvadora persica root extracts. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 26, 1223–1226. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.02.006
    El-Sherbiny, G.M., Elbestawy, M.K.M., 2022. A review: plant essential oils active against Helicobacter pylori. J. Essent. Oil Res. 34, 203–215. doi: 10.1080/10412905.2022.2025464
    Fellegrini, N., Ke, R., Yang, M., Rice-Evans, C., 1999. Screening of dietary carotenoids and carotenoid-rich fruit extracts for antioxidant activities applying 2, 2′-azinobis(3-ethylenebenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical cation decolorization assay. Methods Enzymol. 299, 379–389.
    Foda, A.M., Kalaba, M.H., El-Sherbiny, G.M., Moghannem, S.A., El-Fakharany, E.M., 2022. Antibacterial activity of essential oils for combating colistin-resistant bacteria. Expert Rev. Anti-Infect. Ther. 20, 1351–1364. doi: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2101997
    Haque, M.M., Alsareii, S.A., 2015. A review of the therapeutic effects of using miswak (Salvadora persica) on oral health. Saudi Med. J. 36, 530–543. doi: 10.15537/smj.2015.5.10785
    Khan, M., Alkhathlan, H.Z., Khan, S.T., 2020. Antibiotic and antibiofilm activities of Salvadora persica L. essential oils against Streptococcus mutans: a detailed comparative study with chlorhexidine digluconate. Pathogens 9, 66. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9010066
    Kurutas, E.B., 2016. The importance of antioxidants which play the role in cellular response against oxidative/nitrosative stress: current state. Nutr. J. 15, 71.
    Mammad, Z., Hsaine, S., Djassinra, T., Ounine, K., 2018. The antibacterial and antioxidant effect of Salvadora persica on antibiotic resistant strains. Am. J. Plant Sci. 9, 1478–1485. doi: 10.4236/ajps.2018.97108
    Mohamed, S.A., Khan, J.A., 2013. Antioxidant capacity of chewing stick miswak Salvadora persica. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 13, 40. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-40
    Mohammed, S.G., 2013. Comparative study of in vitro antibacterial activity of miswak extracts and different toothpastes. Am. J. Agric. Biol. Sci. 8, 82–88. doi: 10.3844/ajabssp.2013.82.88
    Noumi, E., Snoussi, M., Merghni, A., Nazzaro, F., Quindós, G., Akdamar, G., Mastouri, M., Al-Sieni, A., Ceylan, O., 2017. Phytochemical composition, anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing potential of fruit, stem and leaves of Salvadora persica L. methanolic extracts. Microb. Pathog. 109, 169–176. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.05.036
    Parekh, J., Chanda, S., 2007. Antibacterial and phytochemical studies on twelve species of Indian medicinal plants. Afr. J. Biomed. Res. 10: 175–181.
    Pfaller, M., Davenport, D., Bale, M., Barrett, M., Koontz, F., Massanari, R.M., 1988. Development of the quantitative micro-test for slime production by coagulase-negative staphylococci. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 7, 30–33.
    Pham-Huy, L.A., He, H., Pham-Huy, C., 2008. Free radicals, antioxidants in disease and health. Int. J. Biomed. Sci. 4, 89–96.
    Salem, M.Z.M., Behiry, S.I., Salem, A.Z.M., 2018. Effectiveness of root-bark extract from Salvadora persica against the growth of certain molecularly identified pathogenic bacteria. Microb. Pathog. 117, 320–326.
    Sharaf, M.H., Abdelaziz, A.M., Kalaba, M.H., Radwan, A.A., Hashem, A.H., 2022. Antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic activities and phytochemical analysis of fungal endophytes isolated from Ocimum basilicum. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 194, 1271–1289. doi: 10.1007/s12010-021-03702-w
    Sharaf, M.H., El-Sherbiny, G.M., Moghannem, S.A., Abdelmonem, M., Elsehemy, I.A., Metwaly, A.M., Kalaba, M.H., 2021. New combination approaches to combat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Sci. Rep. 11, 4240.
    Sofrata, A.H., Claesson, R.L.K., Lingström, P.K., Gustafsson, A.K., 2008. Strong antibacterial effect of miswak against oral microorganisms associated with periodontitis and caries. J. Periodontol. 79, 1474–1479. doi: 10.1902/jop.2008.070506
    Stepanović, S., Vuković, D., Hola, V., Bonaventura, G.D., Djukić, S., Ćirković, I., Ruzicka, F., 2007. Quantification of biofilm in microtiter plates: overview of testing conditions and practical recommendations for assessment of biofilm production by staphylococci. APMIS 115, 891–899. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2007.apm_630.x
    Tatke, P., Nehete, M., Gabhe, S., 2018. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and wound healing activity of Salvadora persica twig extracts. J. Complement. Med. Alt. Healthc. 7: 555720.
    Zothanpuia, Passari, A.K., Chandra, P., Leo, V.V., Mishra, V.K., Kumar, B., Singh, B.P., 2017. Production of potent antimicrobial compounds from Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus associated with fresh water sediment. Front. Microbiol. 8, 68.
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索

    Figures(3)  / Tables(4)

    Article Metrics

    Article views (219) PDF downloads(9) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return