Volume 9 Issue 4
Nov.  2024
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts  > 2024  >  9(4): 534-547
Yarong Li, Zhiguang Tang, Xiaohan Zhou, Junhua Zhang, Xueping Song, Kai Li, Wei Liu, Zhanying Zhang. Development of Methylene Bis-Benzotriazolyl Tetramethylbutylphenol-grafted lignin sub-microspheres loaded with TiO2 for sunscreen applications[J]. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, 2024, 9(4): 534-547. doi: 10.1016/j.jobab.2024.09.003
Citation: Yarong Li, Zhiguang Tang, Xiaohan Zhou, Junhua Zhang, Xueping Song, Kai Li, Wei Liu, Zhanying Zhang. Development of Methylene Bis-Benzotriazolyl Tetramethylbutylphenol-grafted lignin sub-microspheres loaded with TiO2 for sunscreen applications[J]. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, 2024, 9(4): 534-547. doi: 10.1016/j.jobab.2024.09.003
shu

Development of Methylene Bis-Benzotriazolyl Tetramethylbutylphenol-grafted lignin sub-microspheres loaded with TiO2 for sunscreen applications

doi: 10.1016/j.jobab.2024.09.003
  • a.

    College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China

  • b.

    Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center of Cane Sugar Industry, Nanning, 530004, China

  • c.

    Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China

  • d.

    Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning, 530004, China

  • e.

    Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China

  • f.

    School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, 4000, Australia

More Information
    Abstract
  • Lignin serves as a promising Ultraviolet (UV) absorber within sunscreen industry. However, the commercial development of lignin-containing sunscreens faces challenges due to their low sun protection factor (SPF) and dark color in cosmetics industry. In this study, dual modifications on the chemical and physical structures of lignin were conducted to address these challenges. Initially, methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol (MBBT) was grafted onto alkali lignin (AL) through an atom transfer radical polymerization reaction, resulting in a polymer of AL-graft-MBBT3 (AL-g-MBBT3). The sunscreen prepared with 10% AL-g-MBBT3 displays outstanding sun protection performance with a SPF of 42.93 and a light color with a color difference value (ΔE) of 45.6, in contrast to 10% AL with a SPF of 4.74 and a ΔE value of 49.5. Subsequently, AL-g-MBBT3 was transformed into normal submicron spheres (AL-g-MBBT3 N) and TiO2-loading submicron spheres (AL-g-MBBT3/TiO2). The sun protection performances of 10% AL-g-MBBT3 N@C and AL-g-MBBT3/TiO2@C sunscreens obviously surpass that of AL-g-MBBT3@C sunscreen, achieving SPFs of 60.38 and 66.20, respectively. Additionally, there is a considerable improvement in the color of these sunscreens, with ΔE values of 41.8 and 36.3, respectively. These results provide valuable insights into exploring lignin's high-value applications in sunscreen.

     

    • Declaration of competing interest
    The authors declare no conflict of interest.
    Supplementary materials
    Supplementary material associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at doi:10.1016/j.jobab.2024.09.003
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