Volume 11 Issue 1
Feb.  2026
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Article Navigation >  Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts  > 2026  >  11(1): 100231
Yingying Xu, Qilong Qiu. Challenges and prospects of forest biological resource transformation under the dual-carbon policy framework[J]. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, 2026, 11(1): 100231. doi: 10.1016/j.jobab.2026.100231
Citation: Yingying Xu, Qilong Qiu. Challenges and prospects of forest biological resource transformation under the dual-carbon policy framework[J]. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, 2026, 11(1): 100231. doi: 10.1016/j.jobab.2026.100231
shu

Challenges and prospects of forest biological resource transformation under the dual-carbon policy framework

doi: 10.1016/j.jobab.2026.100231

  • Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China

More Information
  • Corresponding author: E-mail address: xuyingying.1019@aliyun.com (Y. Xu)
  • Received Date: 2025-10-16
  • Accepted Date: 2025-12-21
  • Rev Recd Date: 2025-12-18
    • Available Online: 2026-01-07
  • Publish Date: 2026-02-01
    Abstract
  • Against the background of dual carbon goals, the transformation of forest biological resources has become a global research hotspot in sustainable forestry because of its dual value of efficient resource utilization and carbon cycle regulation. In this review, the correlation mechanism, industrial status quo, core challenges and optimization paths between the transformation of forest biological resources and dual carbon goals are systematically analyzed. The transformation of forest biological resources involves carbon sequestration through photosynthesis and the processing and conversion of carbon from woody and nonwoody forest resources. Relying on direct emission reduction (process optimization and energy upgrading) and indirect emission reduction/carbon substitution (building materials, energy and fuel substitution) mechanisms to support the dual carbon goals, globally, three major transformation directions have been formed—wood processing, nonwood processing, and biomass energy—as well as three core industrial areas in North America, Europe, and Asia. The current industry is confronted with challenges such as technological bottlenecks (e.g., the conversion efficiency of lignocellulose is only 40%–55%), economic market constraints (the price of biobased products is approximately 1.3–3.0 times that of petrochemical-based products), and fragmented policies and standards. Most existing reviews focus on a single technical path or policy framework and lack a systematic perspective of "full value chain collaboration + multiobjective balance". Moreover, a theoretical framework for the transformation of forest biological resources that integrates "technology research and development-industrial implementation-policy guarantee-ecological balance" is constructed. In addition, the quantitative goals and implementation paths for the three major transformation directions of "high-value product coproduction, low-carbon transformation, and circular utilization" are clearly defined.

     

    • Declaration of competing interest
    The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
    Peer review under the responsibility of Editorial Office of Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts.
    FullText(HTML)
  • loading
    • References(103)
  • Ahmad, H., Yaqub, M., Lee, S.H., 2025. Global trends in carbon neutrality: a scientometric review on energy transition challenges, practices, policies, and opportunities. Environ. Dev. Sustain. doi: 10.1007/s10668-025-06507-7.
    de Amorim, F.R., de Ca stro, C.F., Coutinho Filho, U., Zhang, Z.Y., O'Hara, I.M., Harrison, M.D., 2025. Novo e eficiente pré-tratamento organosolv de biomassa lignocelulósica com recuperação de produtos e co-solventes por indução de sistema bifásico. Obs. De La Econ. Latinoam. 23, e12193.
    Anderegg, W.R.L., Trugman, A.T., Badgley, G., Anderson, C.M., Bartuska, A., Ciais, P., Cullenward, D., Field, C.B., Freeman, J., Goetz, S.J., Hicke, J.A., Huntzinger, D., Jackson, R.B., Nickerson, J., Pacala, S., Randerson, J.T., 2020. Climate-driven risks to the climate mitigation potential of forests. Science 368, eaaz7005. doi: 10.1126/science.aaz7005
    Assmuth, A., Autto, H., Halonen, K.M., Haltia, E., Huttunen, S., Lintunen, J., Lonkila, A., Nieminen, T.M., Ojanen, P., Peltoniemi, M., Pietilä, K., Pohjola, J., Viitala, E.J., Uusivuori, J., 2024. Forest carbon payments: a multidisciplinary review of policy options for promoting carbon storage in EU member states. Land Use Policy 147, 107341. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2024.107341
    Bakili, S., Kivevele, T., Kichonge, B., Salifu, A.A., King'ondu, C.K., 2025. Furfural from lignocellulose biomass a comprehensive review of hydrolysis methods production technologies and integration into the circular economy. Discov. Sustain. 6, 870. doi: 10.1007/s43621-025-01644-5
    Bastin, J.F., Finegold, Y., Garcia, C., Mollicone, D., Rezende, M., Routh, D., Zohner, C.M., Crowther, T.W., 2019. The global tree restoration potential. Science 365, 76–79. doi: 10.1126/science.aax0848
    Bhattacharya, P., Bhattacharya, R., 2025. Sustainable management of non-timber forest products. In: Textbook of Forest Science. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, pp. 865–893.
    Biddy, M.J., Scarlata, C., Kinchin, C., 2016. NREL/TP-5100-65509. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, USA.
    Blankenship, R.E., 2002. Molecular Mechanisms of Photosynthesis. Wiley, New York.
    Blanton, A., Mohan, M., Pabodha Galgamuwa, G.A., Watt, M.S., Montenegro, J.F., Mills, F., Carlsen, S.C.H., Velasquez-Camacho, L., Bomfim, B., Pons, J., Broadbent, E.N., Kaur, A., Direk, S., de-Miguel, S., Ortega, M., Abdullah, M., Rondon, M., Wan Mohd Jaafar, W.S., Silva, C.A., Cardil, A., Ewane, E.B., 2024. The status of forest carbon markets in Latin America. J. Environ. Manag. 352, 119921. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119921
    van den Bor, B., Castro-Díez, P., Alonso, Á., 2024. Above and belowground carbon stock of pine plantations and native oak forests coexisting in central Spain. New For. 55, 941–959. doi: 10.1007/s11056-023-10011-z
    Brown, M.L., Canham, C.D., Buchholz, T., Gunn, J.S., Donovan, T.M., 2024. Net carbon sequestration implications of intensified timber harvest in Northeastern U.S. forests. Ecosphere 15, e4758. doi: 10.1002/ecs2.4758
    Chave, J., Andalo, C., Brown, S., Cairns, M.A., Chambers, J.Q., Eamus, D., Fölster, H., Fromard, F., Higuchi, N., Kira, T., Lescure, J.P., Nelson, B.W., Ogawa, H., Puig, H., Riéra, B., Yamakura, T., 2005. Tree allometry and improved estimation of carbon stocks and balance in tropical forests. Oecologia 145, 87–99. doi: 10.1007/s00442-005-0100-x
    Che, C.W., Xiao, S.C., Peng, X.M., Su, J.R., Ding, A.J., 2023. Mixed of Arbor-shrub significantly enhanced the drought stress adaptive capacity of plantation forests: an interpretation based on dendroecology. J. Hydrol. 623, 129785. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129785
    Chen, L., Shi, H.T., Li, L.F., Yu, L.P., Tian, Y.Y., Tian, Y.H., 2026. A review on lignin valorization for sustainable resource recovery: current microbial and enzymatic methods and the roles of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents. BioResources 21. doi: 10.15376/biores.21.1.Chen.
    Chiaramonti, D., Lehmann, J., Berruti, F., Giudicianni, P., Sanei, H., Masek, O. 2024. Biochar is a long-lived form of carbon removal, making evidence-based CDR projects possible. Biochar 6, 81. doi: 10.1007/s42773-024-00366-7
    Churkina, G., Organschi, A., Reyer, C.P.O., Ruff, A., Vinke, K., Liu, Z., Reck, B.K., Graedel, T.E., Schellnhuber, H.J., 2020. Buildings as a global carbon sink. Nat. Sustain. 3, 269–276. doi: 10.1038/s41893-019-0462-4
    Das, N., Jena, P.K., Padhi, D., Kumar Mohanty, M., Sahoo, G. 2023. A comprehensive review of characterization, pretreatment and its applications on different lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. Biomass Convers. Biorefin. 13, 1503–1527. doi: 10.1007/s13399-021-01294-3
    Daystar, J., Reeb, C., Venditti, R., Gonzalez, R., Puettmann, M.E., 2012. Life-cycle assessment of bioethanol from pine residues via indirect biomass gasification to mixed alcohols. For. Prod. J. 62, 314–325.
    De Bhowmick, G., Sarmah, A.K., Sen, R., 2018. Lignocellulosic biorefinery as a model for sustainable development of biofuels and value added products. Bioresour. Technol. 247, 1144–1154. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.163
    Duan, H.B., Zhou, S., Jiang, K.J., Bertram, C., Harmsen, M., Kriegler, E., van Vuuren, D.P., Wang, S.Y., Fujimori, S., Tavoni, M., Ming, X., Keramidas, K., Iyer, G., Edmonds, J., 2021. Assessing China's efforts to pursue the 1.5 ℃ warming limit. Science 372, 378–385. doi: 10.1126/science.aba8767
    EPA, 2025. AP-42, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emissions Factors from Stationary Sources. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., USA.
    Evans, P.D., Matsunaga, H., Preston, A.F., Kewish, C.M., 2022. Wood protection for carbon sequestration: a review of existing approaches and future directions. Curr. For. Rep. 8, 181–198. doi: 10.1007/s40725-022-00166-x
    Fang, J., Chen, A., Peng, C., Zhao, S., Ci, L., 2001. Changes in forest biomass carbon storage in China between 1949 and 1998. Science 292, 2320–2322. doi: 10.1126/science.1058629
    FAO, 2025. Global Forest Resources Assessment. FAO, Rome.
    Farzad, S., Ali Mandegari, M., Guo, M., Haigh, K.F., Shah, N., Görgens, J.F., 2017. Multi-product biorefineries from lignocelluloses: a pathway to revitalisation of the sugar industry? Biotechnol. Biofuels 10, 87. doi: 10.1186/s13068-017-0761-9
    Favero, A., Daigneault, A., Sohngen, B., 2020. Forests: carbon sequestration, biomass energy, or both? Sci. Adv. 6, eaay6792. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aay6792
    Frary, A., 2015. Plant physiology and development. Rhodora 117, 397–399. doi: 10.3119/0035-4902-117.971.397
    Gaurav, N., Sivasankari, S., Kiran, G., Ninawe, A., Selvin, J., 2017. Utilization of bioresources for sustainable biofuels: a Review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 73, 205–214. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.070
    Gervais, E., Shammugam, S., Friedrich, L., Schlegl, T., 2021. Raw material needs for the large-scale deployment of photovoltaics: effects of innovation-driven roadmaps on material constraints until 2050. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 137, 110589. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110589
    Giguère-Croteau, C., Boucher, É., Bergeron, Y., Girardin, M.P., Drobyshev, I., Silva, L.C.R., Hélie, J.F., Garneau, M., 2019. North America's oldest boreal trees are more efficient water users due to increased [CO2], but do not grow faster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 116, 2749–2754. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1816686116
    Gorain, S., Dutta, S., Balo, S., Malakar, A., Choudhury, M., Das, S., 2025. Harnessing green wealth: a two-decade global assessment of forest carbon sequestration and credits and the economic implications of sustainable forest management practices. J. Environ. Manag. 393, 126987. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126987
    Hagenbo, A., Antón-Fernández, C., Bright, R.M., Rasse, D., Astrup, R., 2022. Climate change mitigation potential of biochar from forestry residues under boreal condition. Sci. Total Environ. 807, 151044. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151044
    Halonen, M., Näyhä, A., Kuhmonen, I., 2022. Regional sustainability transition through forest-based bioeconomy? Development actors' perspectives on related policies, power, and justice. For. Policy Econ. 142, 102775. doi: 10.1016/j.forpol.2022.102775
    Hou, Q.D., Ju, M.T., Li, W.Z., Liu, L., Chen, Y., Yang, Q., 2017. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass with ionic liquids and ionic liquid-based solvent systems. Molecules 22, 490. doi: 10.3390/molecules22030490
    IPCC, 2006. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan.
    IPCC, 2007. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change. Geneva: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. New York, USA: Cambridge University Press.
    IPCC, 2019. 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Switzerland.
    Jeandaux, C., Videau, J.B., Prieur-Vernat, A., 2021. Life cycle assessment of district heating systems in Europe: case study and recommendations. Sustainability 13, 11256. doi: 10.3390/su132011256
    Kaul, M., Mohren, G.M.J., Dadhwal, V.K., 2010. Carbon storage and sequestration potential of selected tree species in India. Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Change 15, 489–510. doi: 10.1007/s11027-010-9230-5
    Keith, H., Vardon, M., Stein, J.A., Lindenmayer, D., 2019. Contribution of native forests to climate change mitigation–a common approach to carbon accounting that aligns results from environmental-economic accounting with rules for emissions reduction. Environ. Sci. Policy 93, 189–199. doi: 10.1016/j.envsci.2018.11.001
    Khalid, Y., Tahir, A., Akhtar, N., Khan, I., Tahir, F., Arshad, M., Raza, A., 2025. From waste to energy: investigating sawdust combustion as a cleaner alternative to coal. Carbon Neutral Syst. 1, 10. doi: 10.35119/myja.v4i1.98
    Kim, H.B., Yoshioka, T., Kim, J., Kim, S., 2024. Estimation of wood biomass boiler use in cold climate regions on CO2 emissions of light-frame timber structure. Results Eng. 23, 102698. doi: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102698
    Korhonen, J., Miettinen, J., Kylkilahti, E., Tuppura, A., Autio, M., Lähtinen, K., Pätäri, S., Pekkanen, T.L., Luhas, J., Mikkilä, M., Linnanen, L., Ollikainen, M., Toppinen, A., 2021. Development of a forest-based bioeconomy in Finland: insights on three value networks through expert views. J. Clean. Prod. 299, 126867. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126867
    van Kooten, G.C., 2020. How effective are forests in mitigating climate change? For. Policy Econ. 120, 102295. doi: 10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102295
    Lambers, H., Chapin III, F.S., Pons, T.L., 2008. Plant Physiological Ecology. Springer, New York.
    Lazaridou, D.C., Michailidis, A., Trigkas, M., 2021. Exploring environmental and economic costs and benefits of a forest-based circular economy: a literature review. Forests 12, 436. doi: 10.3390/f12040436
    Li, Z.H., Chen, C.J., Xie, H., Yao, Y., Zhang, X., Brozena, A., Li, J.G., Ding, Y., Zhao, X.P., Hong, M., Qiao, H.Y., Smith, L.M., Pan, X.J., Briber, R., Shi, S.Q., Hu, L.B., 2022. Sustainable high-strength macrofibres extracted from natural bamboo. Nat. Sustain. 5, 235–244.
    Liang, B., Kuang, S.J., Huang, J.J., Man, L.M., Yang, Z.H., Yuan, T., 2019. Synthesis and characterization of novel renewable tung oil-based UV-curable active monomers and bio-based copolymers. Prog. Org. Coat. 129, 116–124. doi: 10.5469/neuroint.2019.00073
    Liski, J., Pussinen, A., Pingoud, K., Mäkipää, R., Karjalainen, T., 2001. Which rotation length is favourable to carbon sequestration? Can. J. For. Res. 31, 2004–2013. doi: 10.1139/x01-140
    Liu, W.Y., Chiang, Y.H., Lin, C.C., 2022. Adopting renewable energies to meet the carbon reduction target: is forest carbon sequestration cheaper? Energy 246, 123328. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.123328
    Lorenz, K., Lal, R., 2010. The natural dynamic of carbon in forest ecosystems. In: Lorenz, K., Lal, R. (Eds. ), Carbon Sequestration in Forest Ecosystems. Springer, Netherlands.
    Lu, Z.G., Liu, Y.J., Zhang, J.F., Li, Y.L., Guo, X.Q., Li, X.P., 2024. Carbon-oriented energy system planning using forest carbon sink. Energy 309, 133010. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2024.133010
    Lun, F., Li, W.H., Liu, Y., 2012. Complete forest carbon cycle and budget in China, 1999–2008. For. Ecol. Manag. 264, 81–89. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.10.004
    Luyssaert, S., Ciais, P., Piao, S.L., Schulze, E.D., Jung, M., Zaehle, S., Schelhaas, M.J., Reichstein, M., Churkina, G., Papale, D., Abril, G., Beer, C., Grace, J., Loustau, D., Matteucci, G., Magnani, F., Nabuurs, G.J., Verbeeck, H., Sulkava, M., Van Der Werf, G.R., Janssens, I.A., 2010. The European carbon balance. Part 3: forests. Glob. Change Biol. 16, 1429–1450. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02056.x
    Luyssaert, S., Schulze, E.D., Börner, A., Knohl, A., Hessenmöller, D., Law, B.E., Ciais, P., Grace, J., 2008. Old-growth forests as global carbon sinks. Nature 455, 213–215. doi: 10.1038/nature07276
    Maierhofer, D., van Karsbergen, V., Potrč Obrecht, T., Ruschi Mendes Saade, M., Gingrich, S., Streicher, W., Erb, K.H., Passer, A., 2024. Linking forest carbon opportunity costs and greenhouse gas emission substitution effects of wooden buildings: the climate optimum concept. Sustain. Prod. Consum. 51, 612–627. doi: 10.1016/j.spc.2024.08.021
    Malhi, Y., Meir, P., Brown, S., 2002. Forests, carbon and global climate. Philos. Trans. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 360, 1567–1591. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2002.1020
    Matsakas, L., Raghavendran, V., Yakimenko, O., Persson, G., Olsson, E., Rova, U., Olsson, L., Christakopoulos, P., 2019. Lignin-first biomass fractionation using a hybrid organosolv: steam explosion pretreatment technology improves the saccharification and fermentability of spruce biomass. Bioresour. Technol. 273, 521–528. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.055
    Mo, L., Zohner, C.M., Reich, P.B., Liang, J., de Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.J., Renner, S.S., et al., 2023. Integrated global assessment of the natural forest carbon potential. Nature 624, 92–101. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06723-z
    Mola-Yudego, B., Aronsson, P., 2008. Yield models for commercial willow biomass plantations in Sweden. Biomass Bioenergy 32, 829–837. doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.01.002
    Morris, J., 2017. Recycle, bury, or burn wood waste biomass: LCA answer depends on carbon accounting, emissions controls, displaced fuels, and impact costs. J. Ind. Ecol. 21, 844–856. doi: 10.1111/jiec.12469
    Murphy, D.J., 2024. Biological carbon sequestration: from deep history to the present day. Earth 5, 195–213. doi: 10.3390/earth5020010
    Nonini, L., Fiala, M., 2021. Estimation of carbon storage of forest biomass for voluntary carbon markets: preliminary results. J. For. Res. 32, 329–338. doi: 10.1007/s11676-019-01074-w
    Ogbuka, C.E., Saud, P., Yáñez, M., Parajuli, R., Godar Chhetri, S., Pelkki, M., 2025. Harnessing loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L. ) for sustainable biofuels and bioenergy: a review of biomass feedstock potential, conversion technologies, and forest management in the US. Environ. Chall. 20, 101246. doi: 10.1016/j.envc.2025.101246
    Olsson, A., Johansson, J., 2025. Legitimising different futures: swedish forest management as a climate change mitigation measure. Environ. Sci. Policy 171, 104174. doi: 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104174
    Orlandini, L.C., Punhagui, K.R.G., 2024. Strategies to reduce CO2 emissions and increase temporary carbon stock in Brazilian housing using planted wood. Environ. Dev. 49, 100946. doi: 10.1016/j.envdev.2023.100946
    Osman, A.I., Mehta, N., Elgarahy, A.M., Al-Hinai, A., Al-Muhtaseb, A.H., Rooney, D.W., 2021. Conversion of biomass to biofuels and life cycle assessment: a review. Environ. Chem. Lett. 19, 4075–4118. doi: 10.1007/s10311-021-01273-0
    Pan, Y.D., Birdsey, R.A., Fang, J.Y., Houghton, R., Kauppi, P.E., Kurz, W.A., Phillips, O.L., Shvidenko, A., Lewis, S.L., Canadell, J.G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R.B., Pacala, S.W., McGuire, A.D., Piao, S.L., Rautiainen, A., Sitch, S., Hayes, D., 2011. A large and persistent carbon sink in the world's forests. Science 333, 988–993. doi: 10.1126/science.1201609
    Pazhany, A., Henry, R.J., 2019. Genetic modification of biomass to alter lignin content and structure. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 58(35), 16190–16203. doi: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01163
    Peng, B., Zhou, Z.Y., Cai, W.X., Li, M.X., Xu, L., He, N.P., 2023. Maximum potential of vegetation carbon sink in Chinese forests. Sci. Total Environ. 905, 167325. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167325
    Piotto, D., 2008. A meta-analysis comparing tree growth in monocultures and mixed plantations. For. Ecol. Manag. 255, 781–786. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.065
    Posadas-Paredes, T., Mora-Jacobo, E.G., Ramírez-Márquez, C., Ponce-Ortega, J.M., 2024. Analyzing Mexico's planting life program: forest plantations for carbon reduction and energy optimization. Chem. Eng. Process. Process. Intensif. 197, 109694. doi: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.109694
    Prasada, I.Y., Nugroho, A.D., Lakner, Z., 2022. Impact of the FLEGT license on Indonesian plywood competitiveness in the European Union. For. Policy Econ. 144, 102848. doi: 10.1016/j.forpol.2022.102848
    Proskurina, S., Alakangas, E., Heinimö, J., Mikkilä, M., Vakkilainen, E., 2017. A survey analysis of the wood pellet industry in Finland: future perspectives. Energy 118, 692–704. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.10.102
    Qin, M.Y., Zhang, N.N., Dong, H., Zhu, S.X., Yue, C.P., Huang, J.Y., Lu, Y., 2024. Genetic diversity and the origin of Taiwania cryptomerioides plantations in South China: implications for conservation and restoration. Eur. J. For. Res. 143, 1181–1197. doi: 10.1007/s10342-024-01683-z
    Qin, X.W., Li, G., Wang, D.X., Liu, R.Y., Yang, G.H., Feng, Y.Z., Ren, G.X., 2011. Determinism versus chance in canopy gap herbaceous species assemblages in temperate Abies–Betula forests. For. Ecol. Manag. 262, 1138–1145. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.06.016
    Santos, A., Carvalho, A., Barbosa-Póvoa, A.P., Marques, A., Amorim, P., 2019. Assessment and optimization of sustainable forest wood supply chains–a systematic literature review. For. Policy Econ. 105, 112–135. doi: 10.22168/2237-6321-11342
    Sasaki, N., Chheng, K., Ty, S., 2012. Managing production forests for timber production and carbon emission reductions under the REDD+ scheme. Environ. Sci. Policy 23, 35–44. doi: 10.1016/j.envsci.2012.06.009
    Schnabel, F., Guillemot, J., Barry, K.E., Brunn, M., Cesarz, S., Eisenhauer, N., Gebauer, T., Guerrero-Ramirez, N.R., Handa, I.T., Madsen, C., Mancilla, L., Monteza, J., Moore, T., Oelmann, Y., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schwendenmann, L., Wagner, A., Wirth, C., Potvin, C., 2025. Tree diversity increases carbon stocks and fluxes above: but not belowground in a tropical forest experiment. Glob. Change Biol. 31, e70089. doi: 10.1111/gcb.70089
    Schulte, M., Hammar, T., Stendahl, J., Seleborg, M., Hansson, P.A., 2021. Time dynamic climate impacts of a Eucalyptus pulp product: life cycle assessment including biogenic carbon and substitution effects. GCB Bioenergy 13, 1831–1850. doi: 10.1111/gcbb.12894
    Shaffner, R., 2019. The resource sectors of the United States and Canada: an overview. In: Beigie, C.E., Hero, A.O. (Eds. ), Natural Resources in U.S. -Canadian Relations. Routledge, New York.
    Sonne, C., Xia, C.L., Lam, S.S., 2022. Is engineered wood China's way to carbon neutrality? J. Bioresour. Bioprod. 7, 83–84.
    Srivastava, N., Singh, R., Singh, P., Ahmad, I., Singh, R.P., Rai, A.K., Asiri, M., Gupta, V.K., 2023. Recent advances on lignocellulosic bioresources and their valorization in biofuels production: challenges and viability assessment. Environ. Technol. Innov. 29, 103037. doi: 10.1016/j.eti.2023.103037
    Tomás-Pejó, E., Alvira, P., Ballesteros, M., Negro, M.J., 2011. Pretreatment technologies for lignocellulose-to-bioethanol conversion. In: Biofuels. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 149–176.
    Varela, E., Mahieu, P.A., Giergiczny, M., Riera, P., Soliño, M., 2014. Testing the single opt-out reminder in choice experiments: an application to fuel break management in Spain. J. For. Econ. 20, 212–222. doi: 10.1016/j.jfe.2014.05.001
    Voccia, D., Lamastra, L., 2024. Unpacking the carbon balance: biochar production from forest residues and its impact on sustainability. Energies 17, 4582. doi: 10.3390/en17184582
    Wang, H.K.H., 2025. Carbon neutrality and climate sustainability. In: Successful Pathways to Carbon Neutrality and Climate Sustainability. Routledge, London, pp. 1–20.
    Wang, K., Tong, R.Q., Zhai, Q., Lyu, G.M., Li, Y.S., 2025. A critical review of life cycle assessments on bioenergy technologies: methodological choices, limitations, and suggestions for future studies. Sustainability 17, 3415. doi: 10.3390/su17083415
    Wang, W.F., Duan Y.X., Zhang, L.X., Wang, B., Li, X.J. 2016. Effects of different rotations on carbon sequestration in Chinese fir plantations. Chin. J. Plant Ecol. 40, 669–678. doi: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0407
    Wear, D.N., Prestemon, J.P., Foster, M.O., 2016. US forest products in the global economy. J. For. 114, 483–493. doi: 10.5849/jof.15-091
    Wedajo, D.Y., Cristescu, C., Billore, S., Adamopoulos, S., 2025. Carbon impact of wood-based products through substitution: a review of assessment aspects and future research perspectives in life cycle assessment. Carbon Manag. 16, 2536350.
    Wei, X.Y., Zhao, J.H., Hayes, D.J., Daigneault, A., Zhu, H., 2023. A life cycle and product type based estimator for quantifying the carbon stored in wood products. Carbon Balance Manag. 18, 1.
    Witcover, J., Williams, R.B., 2020. Comparison of "Advanced" biofuel cost estimates: trends during rollout of low carbon fuel policies. Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ. 79, 102211. doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2019.102211
    Wu, Y.J., Ge, S.B., Xia, C.L., Cai, L.P., Mei, C.T., Sonne, C., Park, Y.K., Kim, Y.M., Chen, W.H., Chang, J.S., Lam, S.S., 2020. Using low carbon footprint high-pressure carbon dioxide in bioconversion of aspen branch waste for sustainable bioethanol production. Bioresour. Technol. 313, 123675. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123675
    Xiao, S.L., Chen, C.J., Xia, Q.Q., Liu, Y., Yao, Y., Chen, Q.Y., Hartsfield, M., Brozena, A., Tu, K.K., Eichhorn, S.J., Yao, Y.G., Li, J.G., Gan, W.T., Shi, S.Q., Yang, V.W., Lo Ricco, M., Zhu, J.Y., Burgert, I., Luo, A.L., Li, T., Hu, L.B., 2021. Lightweight, strong, moldable wood via cell wall engineering as a sustainable structural material. Science 374, 465–471. doi: 10.1126/science.abg9556
    Xiao, Y.P., Ma, D.L., Zhang, F.T., Zhao, N., Wang, L., Guo, Z.M., Zhang, J.W., An, B.T., Xiao, Y.D., 2023. Spatiotemporal differentiation of carbon emission efficiency and influencing factors: from the perspective of 136 countries. Sci. Total Environ. 879, 163032. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163032
    Zakir Hossain, S.M., Bin Shams, M., Alromaihi, T.A., Alfaihani, A.F., Alkowari, M.A., Razzak, S.A., Hossain, M.M., 2025. Mangrove forestation for CO2 sequestration, sustainable renewable energy and high-value carbons. Sustain. Energy Technol. Assess. 82, 104472.
    Zhang, M., Xiong, X.Q., Yue, X.Y., Xu, X.T., 2024. Status of China's wooden-door industry and challenges lying ahead. Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. 19, 485–498. doi: 10.1080/17480272.2023.2261405
    Zhang, W., Diao, C.Y., Wang, L., 2023. Degradation of lignin in different lignocellulosic biomass by steam explosion combined with microbial consortium treatment. Biotechnol. Biofuels Bioprod. 16, 55. doi: 10.1109/icapc61546.2023.00016
    Zhao, W.J., Hafeez, M., Gao, W.M., Gaudreault, F., Alsayer, I.A., Attar, R.W., 2025. Bioenergy technologies and forest resources: pathways to a sustainable green economy. Renew. Energy 253, 123609. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.123609
    Zhu, J.J., Jiao, N.X., Cheng, J.L., Zhang, H., Xu, G.L., Xu, Y., Zhu, J.Y., 2023. Integrated process for the co-production of bioethanol, furfural, and lignin nanoparticles from birch wood via acid hydrotropic fractionation. Renew. Energy 204, 176–184. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.12.111
    Zhu, M., Zhou, Z.F., Wu, X.P., Wan, J.X., Wang, J.L., Zheng, J.J., Liu, R.P., Li, F.D., 2025. Prediction and spillover effects of forest expansion and management to increase carbon sinks in karst mountainous areas: a case study in Guizhou, China. Land Use Policy 151, 107491. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2025.107491
    • Relative Articles
    • Supplements(0)
    • Cited By
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索

    Figures(2)

    Get Citation
    PDF
    XML

    Article Metrics

    Article views (5) PDF downloads(0) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related
    • Wechat: JBB生物质资源与工程

    Copyright © 2019 Editorial Office of Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts

    Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd  support: info@rhhz.net

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return