Volume 11 Issue 3
Jun.  2026
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts  > 2026  >  11(3): 100237
Muqiu You, Jinhao Xu, Jing Zhou, Yamei Zao, Dagang Li, Yongcan Jin, Zhaoyang Xu, Shinsuke Ifuku, Chuchu Chen. High-strength and environmentally stable wood conductive eutectogels enabled by metal-based deep eutectic solvents[J]. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, 2026, 11(3): 100237. doi: 10.1016/j.jobab.2026.100237
Citation: Muqiu You, Jinhao Xu, Jing Zhou, Yamei Zao, Dagang Li, Yongcan Jin, Zhaoyang Xu, Shinsuke Ifuku, Chuchu Chen. High-strength and environmentally stable wood conductive eutectogels enabled by metal-based deep eutectic solvents[J]. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, 2026, 11(3): 100237. doi: 10.1016/j.jobab.2026.100237
shu

High-strength and environmentally stable wood conductive eutectogels enabled by metal-based deep eutectic solvents

doi: 10.1016/j.jobab.2026.100237
  • a.

    College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

  • b.

    Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho 611-0011, Japan

  • c.

    College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

More Information
  • Corresponding author: E-mail address: chuchu_chen@njfu.edu.cn (C. Chen)
  • Received Date: 2025-11-22
  • Accepted Date: 2026-01-16
  • Rev Recd Date: 2026-01-14
    • Available Online: 2026-01-30
  • Publish Date: 2026-06-01
    Abstract
  • Conductive gels hold significant promise for applications in flexible sensing and wearable electronics, yet face the challenge of limitations in mechanical strength and environmental stability. Herein, a facile and effective strategy was proposed to fabricate high-performance eutectogels by introducing metal-based deep eutectic solvent (MDES) consisting of zinc chloride (ZnCl2), ethylene glycol (EG), and acrylic acid (AA) into the wood skeleton (WS), which was extracted from natural wood, followed by in-situ ultraviolet (UV)-initiated polymerization. The resulting metal-based deep eutectic solvent/wood skeleton eutectogels (MDES/WS eutectogels) exhibited high ionic conductivity (2.82 × 10–2 S/m), higher than most conventional wood-based gels, benefiting from the inherent conductivity of the MDES, as well as the aligned micro and nanochannels in WS that facilitate ion transport. Moreover, the synthesized polyacrylic acid (PAA) network could form strong interfacial interactions with the cellulose nanofibers through hydrogen bonding and Zn2+ coordination cross-linking, significantly reinforcing the eutectogels with a high tensile strength of 41.50 MPa and toughness of 8.4 MJ/m3, while still demonstrating good environmental stability (–60 to 100 ℃). Leveraging its high conductivity, robust mechanics, and environmental stability, the developed eutectogels functioned as flexible sensors to generate stable and responsive electrical signals during simulated human movements and possessed potential as a programmable information transmission interface through Morse code input. This work established a novel paradigm for developing sustainable, mechanically robust, and environmentally stable conductive gels, offering a versatile platform for next-generation flexible electronics operable under extreme conditions.

     

    • Ethical statements
    All experiments involving human subjects have been followed the guidelines of The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association. The volunteers employed in the human motion sensing tests were the contributing authors (Muqiu You and Jinhao Xu) of this manuscript. The human motion sensing test was voluntary, and all the volunteers have been informed and signed informed consent before the experiments.
    Authorship contributions
    Data curation: Muqiu You, Jinhao Xu, Jing Zhou.
    Writing-original draft: Muqiu You.
    Investigation: Jinhao Xu, Jing Zhou, Yamei Zao. Methodology: Jinhao Xu, Jing Zhou, Yamei Zao. Conceptualization: Chuchu Chen, Zhaoyang Xu, Dagang Li. Project administration: Chuchu Chen. Supervision: Chuchu Chen. Resources: Chuchu Chen, Zhaoyang Xu, Yongcan Jin. Writing-review and editing: Chuchu Chen, Zhaoyang Xu, Dagang Li, Yongcan Jin, Shinsuke Ifuku.
    Declaration of competing interest
    The authors declare no competing financial interest.
    Supplementary materials
    Supplementary material associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at doi:10.1016/j.jobab.2026.100237.
    Peer review under the responsibility of Editorial Office of Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts.
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