Volume 11 Issue 4
Aug.  2026
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts  > 2026  >  11(4): 100282
Shiyuan Wang, Chunmei Zhang, Jie Xu, Feng Liu, Guoliang Dai, Jingsha Li, Shan Zhang, Chunxian Guo, Yujie Ma, Shuijian He, Shaohua Jiang. Electronegativity regulation and graphitization: Synergistic enhancement of wood-derived carbon-based high-entropy alloy electrocatalysts for efficient hydrogen evolution[J]. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, 2026, 11(4): 100282. doi: 10.1016/j.jobab.2026.100282
Citation: Shiyuan Wang, Chunmei Zhang, Jie Xu, Feng Liu, Guoliang Dai, Jingsha Li, Shan Zhang, Chunxian Guo, Yujie Ma, Shuijian He, Shaohua Jiang. Electronegativity regulation and graphitization: Synergistic enhancement of wood-derived carbon-based high-entropy alloy electrocatalysts for efficient hydrogen evolution[J]. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, 2026, 11(4): 100282. doi: 10.1016/j.jobab.2026.100282
shu

Electronegativity regulation and graphitization: Synergistic enhancement of wood-derived carbon-based high-entropy alloy electrocatalysts for efficient hydrogen evolution

doi: 10.1016/j.jobab.2026.100282
  • a.

    Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China

  • b.

    Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

  • c.

    School of Chemistry Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China

  • d.

    Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK

More Information
    Abstract
  • Developing efficient and durable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts based on wood-supported high-entropy alloy (HEA) nanoparticles (NPs) remains challenging due to the difficulty in achieving uniform dispersion of HEA, strong interfacial anchoring between HEA and carbonized wood (CW), and rational modulation of interfacial electronic configurations simultaneously. In this work, HEA NPs anchored on CW via graphitized carbon layer, denoted as FeCoCuRuM@CW (M = Mn, Cr, Ni), were successfully synthesized by a carbothermal shock strategy. Before carbothermal shock, the negatively charged CW enabled efficient adsorption of metal ions, thereby increasing the metal loading. Metals (Fe, Co, Cu, Ru, Mn, Cr, and Ni) with distinct electronegativities induced the formation of high-activity HEA NPs during the carbothermal shock process. Meanwhile, the graphitized carbon layer formed on the surface of HEA reinforced the interfacial anchoring between HEA NPs and CW, which in turn enhanced the stability. Compared with FeCoCuRuCr@CW and FeCoCuRuNi@CW, FeCoCuRuMn@CW exhibited the best HER performance, requiring only 28 mV to achieve 10 mA/cm2 in 1.0 mol/L KOH along with excellent durability. Electronic modulation via Mn incorporation is the key, as the element with the lowest electronegativity, Mn donated electrons to Ru and the carbon matrix. This process optimized the d-band center and strengthened interfacial water polarization. This electronic redistribution lowered the water dissociation barrier to 0.759 eV and yielded a near-thermoneutral hydrogen adsorption free energy (ΔG*H of −0.381 eV for FeCoCuRuMn@CW, which is significantly more favorable than those of FeCoCuRuCr@CW (ΔG*H = −1.861 eV) and FeCoCuRuNi@CW (ΔG*H = −2.087 eV). This study highlighted an electronegativity-driven electronic modulation mechanism, coupled with the synergistic enhancement effect derived from carbon graphitization degree, thereby offering a novel strategy for the rational design of high-performance HEA-based electrocatalysts with reinforced carbon-HEA interfacial anchoring.

     

    • Author contributions
    Shiyuan Wang: writing-original draft preparation. Chunmei Zhang: writing-reviewing and editing. Jie Xu: software. Feng Liu: methodology, resources. Guoliang Dai: validation. Jingsha Li: conceptualization. Shan Zhang: conceptualization. Chunxian Guo: methodology. Yujie Ma: supervision, data curation. Shuijian He: methodology. Shaohua Jiang: writing-reviewing and editing, supervision, resources.
    Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process
    The authors did not use any generative AI or AI-assisted technologies in the writing process.
    Declaration of competing interest
    The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
    Supplementary materials
    Supplementary material associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at doi:10.1016/j.jobab.2026.100282.
    Peer review under the responsibility of Editorial Office of Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts.
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